Aereostatics and Leonardo Da vinci

Parachute
 Leonardo Da vinci, that as artist-engineer was on the same experimental line traced from the "mechanical"tradition of Tuscany, "invented also the parachute ("a pavilion of airproof linen cloth"),that even if present in the drawings of an anonymous engineer of Siena of the fifteenth century, he then led back and folded to his exeperiences of flight"without a flap of wings".
After having carried out studies of aereostatics and of aerodynamics, he sensed by intuition that man, availing himself of a parachute of remarkable dimensions ("that is 12 arms for face and high 12") and therefore able to exercise a strong and would have avoided a ruinous impact to the ground, even throwing himself from a remarkable height:
"he will be able to throw himself from great height without damage for him".
c.1485 Codex atlanticus f. 381 v-a [1058 v]
Milan,biblioteca Ambrosiana

reconstruction similar to that of Leonardo da vinci

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Cartoon with the hot air balloon

 The technology is present also in the cartoon here a small part of a cartoon that sees the use of balloon.

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the square universal of all professions in the world

A book on all trades in the world write by Tommaso Garzoni  in the 1585 ,analyzes all the professions in the sixteenth century with La piazza universale di tutte le professioni del mondo.
some professions are present in the text read by me for the inspiration of the blog carry some quotes and individual professions:

 "Passepartout thought seemed like ambassadors, succeeded the bustling crowd. Each time a company passed, Passepartout chuckled, and said to himself: ‘Good! another Japanese embassy departing for

Europe!’" (chapter XXII)

-ambassadors page 473

"That gentleman was not included in any Council of Directors, his name had never heard him speak in

a panel of lawyers, nor to the Temple, or Lincoln's Inn, or Gray's"    (chapter I)

-lawyers page 100


"They were Mr. Fogg’s usual partners at whist: Andrew Stuart, an engineer; John Sullivan and Samuel Fallentin, bankers."   (chapter XXXVI)

-bankers page 401

"On going into a barber’s to get shaved he learned that these ancient men were all at least eighty years old, at which age they are permitted to wear yellow, which is the Imperial colour."   (chapter XIX)

-barber page 627

"San Francisco was no longer the legendary city of 1849 a city of bandits, assassins, and incendiaries, who had flocked hither in crowds in pursuit of plunder."     (chapter XXV)

-bandits page 596

"‘Sir,’ said Mr. Fogg to the captain, ‘three passengershave disappeared."   (chapter XXX)

-captains page 466

"If you do not you had the thought of marriage, my servant is not would have gone to the canonical Samuel Wilson, I would not be warned of my error, and ..."   (chapter XXXVII)

-canonical page 44



" At half past eight,  he said, will appear before the judge Obadiah."   (chapter XV)
-judges pag 652


"Little by little the scene on the quay became more animated; sailors of various nations, merchants, ship-brokers, porters, fellahs, bustled to and fro as if the steamer were immediately expected."     (chapter VI)

-merchants page 401

                                                       the text is available Here

cover of the square universal of all professions in the world

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Patents

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a l limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, and may be a product or a process.
Here below some patents related to the topic that i have developed:

• Steerable aereostatic ballon 19/06/1986, Regipa Robert,Toulouse(Fr).
• Structure of hot air ballon 20/10/1970, L.F.Harding Bloomfields Hills (U.S.A.)
• Fire balloon 08/08/1882,G.A.Lilliendahl,Jersey city (U.S.A.).
• Elevated railway 13/11/1888 R.T.Oney Charlleston (U.S.A.)

another patens  is this by Ed Yost , 05/05/1964,South Dakota(U.S.A.):

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BALLOON AEROSTATICS

"Still,some means must be found to cross the atlantic on a boat, unless by ballon-which would have been venturesome, beside not being capable of being put in practise."(Chapter 32)

aereostatic ballon our days

The hot air balloon is an aircraft and moves with the wind. there are three type of balloon:
-ballon aerostatics(is lifted from the ground thanks to the heating of the air inside the balloon).
-ballon gas(is inflated with a gas lighter than air).
-ballon by Roziere(used for travell overseas)



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Units of measurement

"The principal chain of the Vindhias was crossed by eight in the evening, and another half was made on the northern slope, in a ruined bungalow.They had gone nearly twenty-five MILES that day, and an equal distance still separated them from the station of Allahabad." (chapterXII)

A mile is a unit of length value is 5,280 feet or 1,760 yard or 1,609 meters.But it isn't used in the international system of Units.

The seven base units and the interdependency of their definitions,clock wise from top:Kelvin(temperature),Second(time),Metre(lenght),kilogram(mass)Candela(luminous intensity),Mole(amount of substance) and Ampere(electric current).

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The pursuit of happiness

 The pursuit of hapiness by Gabriele Muccino  makes us realize the importance that they have the means of transport in our daily lifes.The use of underground,car,taxi,bus is known in a manner frequently, in this beautiful film.



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The station Saint Lazare

Cloude monet the station Saint Lazare 1877

The locomotive incoming in the station with your fume and dust contrast the brightness the picture, the sun disappears behind the fume.
Monet works in to station , was a place for him ideal for was finding inspiration.
With the trains that arrived and departed, people are always different, the motion life.


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the new invention

"Half an hour several members of the Reform came in and drew up to the fireplace, where a coal fire was steadily burning."

The coal was know since ancient times, spread mainly in the middle ages for heating and for melting metals.

In the nineteenth century, created the first internal combustion engines used in maritime transport and rail transport.

Regarding rail trasport we adopt steam power to tow wagons with peole or goods.

The first locomotive was invented by Richard Trevithick in february 1804.But the first locomotive truly effective was the Rocket in 1829 by George Stephenson and your son Robert; it reached a speed of 56 km/h.

A characteristic of the locomotives were the wheels a greater radius for transport people and less radius for trasport merchandise.

The invention of the locomotive was very important discovery to worldwide in trasportation reducing travell time from place to place.

Here depicted the first locomotive in stamps of varius parts of the world:

Stamp Poland locomotive trevithick 1803

stamps of Hungary locomotive 

Stamp of Romania locomotive Trevithick 1803

Stamp of Australia lomotive Trevithick 1803

Stamp of german locomotive Trevithick 1803

Here a song for inspired by the locomotive call Pacif 231

Regarding maritime transport has very ancient origins, begin when the first civilizations are established along the rivers,using trunks of trees began to build the first rudimentary boats calls rafts.

Each population had  a different way to build the rafts, let's see some examples:

Raft produced in Kenya

Raft produced in Haiti

Raft produced in brasil

Shortly after with the completion the tools, they began to build crafts more accurate calls Canoe.

An important innovation was the discovery of the sail around 2700 a.c.

Here are some examples:

canoe produced in thailandia

canoe produced in Dahomey

Canoe produced in Madagascar

canoe proced in Ceylon

canoe produced in Equador

canoe produced in Hawaii

canoe produced in brasil

With the refinament of techniques were build boats increasingly large for example:
-those of the Egyptians to navigate in the Nilo

boat Egyptian

-those of the Phoenician

boat phoenician

and then Greek

boat greek

an example of boats taken by De machinis e de ingeneis  di mariano di jacono il taccola which show us a boat that goes up the current with the help of rope and blades.

picture of de machinis e de ingeneis (1419-1449)

You will improve until construction of Caravell,

Caravell

galleons

galleon

very big ship for travell overseas.
In XIX century the invention of mechanical propulsion,brought great changes with born of boats as:
-Clipper

Clipper

-Brig

Brig

and steam ship wheel.

steam ship wheel

After the first world war spread the use of the internal combustion engine and born the first motorships(ships driven by one or more engines internal combustion).

Escort carrier

missile cruiser

minesweepers

Carpathia transatlantic English it became particularly famous in 1912 for having rescued the survivors of the Titanic.

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The friction

Phileas Fogg lived alone,and so to speak, outside of every social relation; and as he knew that in this world account must be taken of friction, and that friction retards, he never rubbed against anybody.

The friction is the force that opposes free sliding between two surfaces materials,the one on the other.
The friction is important has many applications:
-Rail adhesion: the friction between a steel wheel and a steel rail.

-Road slipperiness or skid resistance due to snow,ice,water,loose material and the road surface on the traction produced by the wheels of a vehicle.

-the friction in the brakes of a vehicle( car, van, truck,moped, motorcycle):

the friction between the pads and the disc makes the wheel stops

The study of friction we can make it back to earlier periods as in 37-41 d.c when the king Caligola built large ships for for ceremonial celebrations or parties.
We are talking about the Ship of lake Nemi, brought to the surface by  Guido Ucelli in the 1928.

first ship

second ship

In the picture shows the ships found in the lake, in the second vessel were Rovate the curious balls bronze.
These spheres were assembled with the other pieces and form an object that turned the sliding friction to rolling.

bronze balls to reduce friction 1928-1929

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the motion

The first approach that connect with Techonology and trasport may be given from this affirmation:


"Mr. Fogg played, not to win, but for the sake of playing. The game was in his eyes a contest, a 
struggle with a difficulty, yet a motionless, unwearying struggle, congenial to his tastes. "

The first thing that comes to mind is the motion. The motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time and its reference point. Motion is a typically described in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration (the variation of speed in a certain period of time) and time.
According to these characteristics of motion can be:

-Planar motion if the trajectory is a straight line.

straight tracks of a train

-Curvilinear motion if the trajectory is a curvilinear line.

roller coaster

-This motion can be divied in spherical motion,

London eye

an another example of motion spherical is the motion of of the mechanism below.

 Drawing trasmission mechanism by Francesco di Giorgio taken by treaties of civil and military engineers (1484)

and in elliptic motion:

solar system

and parabolic motion:

jump of a skier

-Varied motion if the motion of a body that changes its speed.

city traffic

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